The process for manufacturing of electronic components (e.g. semiconductor chips, photovoltaic cells) includes anywhere from 20 to 250 steps. These process steps must be performed in a controlled environment using high quality materials. At each of these stages it is critical to avoid any unwanted changes in production. From sampling and measuring to characterization and more, Air Liquide’s world-class analytical services are key in helping electronics manufacturers control, monitor and improve their Fab throughput, and assure the quality of electronics devices.